Linguistics
Etymology
A word is from either a Latin word for stern, as well utilized to describe a organ, "penis". A Latin word "phallus" (from either a Greek "phallos") is every now and again wont to describe a phallus, though a word originally was wont to describe images, pictoral or even carven, of the phallus [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=penis&searchmode=none].

A few derive a Latin word phallus from either sooner *pesnis, & a Greek word peos = "penis" from either earliest *pesos.

Synonyms
For the far supplementary thoroughgoing & multi-lingual synonym finder, view in http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/WikiSaurus:penis WikiSaurus

The human penis
A person member differs from either people of another mammalian. It has there is no baculum, or erectile bone; instead it relies totally in engorgement by having blood to email its erect state. It just can not exist as withdrawn into a groin, & is big than norm corresponding person mass.

Structure
Illustration of the anatomy of the human male genitalia. A human being phallus is mass produced higher of tercet columns of erectile tissue: them corpora cavernosa (singular: corpus cavernosum) and a single corpus spongiosum

A corpus spongiosum lies on a bottom (known likewise when the ventral side) of the penis; them corpora cavernosa lie next to every more on the upper side (dorsal side).

A prevent of a corpus spongiosum is enlarged & cone-shaped & forms the glans penis. A glans supports a foreskin or prepuce, a free stack of skaround that in adults potty retract to expose a glans. A metropolitan area on a bottom of a member, in which the foreskin is bonded, is known as the frenum (or frenulum).

A urethra, which is the last a portion of the urinary tract, traverses a corpus spongiosum & its opening, called the meatus, lies on the tip of the glans penis. These are each the passage for urine and for the ejaculation of semen. Spermatozoan is produced in the testes and stored in the attached epididymis. When you took ejaculation, spermatozoon come propelled higher a vas deferens, two ducts that skip & behind a bladder. Juice come added per seminal vesicles and a vas deferens turns into the ejaculatory ducts which join a urethra within the prostate gland. A prostate gland likewise when a bulbourethral glands add further secretions, & a cum is expelled through the member.

A raphe is a visible ridge between the lateral halves of the penis, obtained on the ventral or under side of a penis, running off from either a meatus (opening of the urethra) through the scrotum to the perineum (area between scrotum & arsehole).

Relation to female genitals
. A rhaphe doesn't survive within females, because there them halves are non attached.

Erection
Independent article: Erection

Erection is the stiffening and rising of the phallus which occurs in the sexually aroused male, though it can also happen around non-asexual situations. A primary physiologic mechanism that will bring just about erection is a autonomic dilation of arteries supplying blood to the phallus, which allows other blood to fill the tercet spongy erectile tissue chambers in the phallus, inducing it to lengthen & stiffen. A nowadays engorged erectile tissue presses against & constricts a veins that carry blood out of a phallus. Supplementary blood enters a member than leaves until an equilibrium is reached (equal volume of blood flow into a dilated arteries & away from a constricted veins). The constant erectile size is achieved at equilibrium.

Inability to attain the acceptable erection is known medically when erectile dysfunction, or ED shortly. The drug against this affliction, sildenafil citrate (marketed as Viagra®) works by vasodilation.

Erection facilitates sexual intercourse though it is non necessity for a few more sexual activities. Although numerous upright phallus point upwards (watch illustration), these are park & rule for even the vertical member to point about vertically upwards or about vertically down, based on the tension of the suspensory bandage ligament that holds it around position. Stiffness of erectile angle as well varies.

Size
Look at independent article Human penis size

As a general rule, an animal's penis is proportional to its immune system size, however this varies greatly between species — even between closely related species. E.g., an big gorilla's erect phallus is astir One.Fin inches (4 cm) in length; an grown chimpanzee, significantly smaller (within system size) than the gorillthe gorilla gorilla, has a member size astir double that of the gorilla. A pan troglodytes has a 2nd big phallus size among a great apes: in comparison, a human penis is by far the largest of all the primates, both proportional to system size & within absolute terms; 1 learn has noticed that a typical person member is Fin inches (Dozen.Septenary cm)around length after fully congested by having blood in the period of arousal.

When by using any more bodily attribute, a length & girth of the member is extremely variable between people of the equivalent metal money. Around numerous brute, especially mammals, the size of the flaccid phallus is great deal little than its size once upright. Within homo & another metal money, flaccid vs. vertical member size varies greatly between people, such that member size whenever flaccid is non the dependable predictor of size whilst upright.

Except for extreme shells at either prevent of the size spectrum, member size doesn't correspond strongly to generative ability inside virtually any mintage.

Normal variations
Based in temperature, a flaccid (non vertical) member of typical size might withdraw most totally inside the system. In a period of erection the member may link to to its rule (erect) size.

More variations: Pearly penile papules come raised bumps of somewhat paler colour in a base of the glans & are normal. Watch sidebar picture and picture at article. Fordyce's spots are small, raised, yellowish-white spots 1-2mm in diameter that may appear on the penis, as well as the inner surface and vermilion border of the lips of the face, and are normal. Sebaceous prominences come raised bumps similar to Fordyce's spots on a shaft of the member, placed at the sebaceous glands and are normal. Phimosis, an inability to retract the foreskinside fully, is harmless within baby & pre-prepubertal males, occurring in all about 8 percent of boys at age Decade.

Disorders affecting the penis
Oedema (swelling) of the foreskin can symptom from either sexual activity, including masturbation. It appears distressing however then long when a foreskinside is in its normal position & blood flow is present it's harmless. Understand paraphimosis for situations in which a foreskin might't become moved to its normal position or even a swelling persists. Whenever a trouble recurrs regularly, medical advice should exist as found, since it can be a effect of conditions like chronic cardiopathy. ([http://www.links.net/vita/corp/catdick/ description of a case resulting from sexual activity, with pictures])

Pathologic Phimosis--in which the non-retracting foreskin is accompanied by painful sensation or even even even physiologic distress, or infects physical hygiene, takes coarse of action which may be surgical or non-surgical based on the seriousness of the trouble. Look at Phimosis for more details.

Paraphimosis is an inability to move a foreskin send on all over the glans. It could symptom from either fluid at bay within the foreskin which is left retracted, possibly below the medical procedure, or even accumulation of fluid in the foreskin because of friction in the period of vigorous sexual activity. Using pressure to compress the glans, so moving a foreskin to its normal position is a initial procedure to watch, maybe by owning the assistance of a lubricator. Placing a member within formula granulated sugar potty reduce a swelling via osmosis. Whenever a trouble persists for even to a higher degree many hours or there's the sign of deficiency of blood flow, the arduous glans using there is no erection or even an inability to urinate, it should become treated as a medical emergency.

Within Peyronie's disease, anomalous scar tissue grows in the soft tissue of the penis, causing curvature. Severe legal actions could profit from either surgical correction.

The thrombosis can occur during periods of frequent & prolonged sexual activity, especially fellatio. These are unremarkably harmless & self-corrects inside two or three weeks.

Pudendal nerve entrapment is a conditiin characterized by hurt on sitting & loss of penial (or even clitoric) sensation & sexual climax. Now & then there is a sum loss of sensation and sexual climax. A pudendal nerve can be damaged by narrow hard period seats & accidents.

Penile fracture can occur if a vertical phallus is bent too. The pop or even bang-up healthy & painful sensation is commonly associated using this event. Emergency medical assistance should exist as found. Prompt medical attention lower berth likeliness of lasting penial curvature.[http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1464-410X.1996.86420.x/abs/]

Around diabetes, peripheral neuropathy can cause tingling in the penial skin & even decreased or even all scatty sensation. A decreased sensations may lead to injuries for either partner & their absence can produce it impossible to use sexual pleasure across stimulation of the phallus. Since a problems come from either lasting nerve damage, preventative professional assistance across dependable control of the diabetes is the primary professional assistance. A bit of limited recovery can be imaginable across improved diabetes control.

Erectile dysfunction, formerly referred to as impotence, is the inability to own & maintain an erection sufficiently steadfastly for acceptable intimate performance. The wide kind of typically efficacious treatments come available. Diabetes occurs when leading induced, as is normal aging.

Priapism is a painful and possibly harmful medical trouble where a upright phallus doesn't link to to its flaccid state. A causative mechanisms come ill understood however require complex neurologic & vascular factors. Expected complications include ischemia, thrombosis, & impotence. Withwithin good lawsuits a affliction can symptom in gangrene, which might require amputation.

Developmental disorders of the penis
Hypospadias is a developmental disorder where the meatus is positioned wrongly at birth. Hypospadias occurs as well iatrogenically by the downwardly pressure of an indwelling urethral catheter.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9554017] These are ordinarily corrected by surgery.

The micropenis is a very little phallus from either developmental problems.

Penis replacement
A 1st successful member allotransplant surgery was done on September 2005 around the war machine hospital around Guangzhou, China. (Guangzhou Daily, [http://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/nanyuetuijian/200509220074.htm source]) The human at 44 sustained an injury when an accident & his phallus was severed. Urination became difficult when his urethra was partially blocked. The fresh brain-dead man, at 23, was hunt down & his phallus selected for the transplant. Despite atrophy of blood vessels and nerves when a prolonged period experienced elapsed (exact length non given), the arteries, veins, nerves and a corpora spongiosa were with success matched. When vii hours' surgery, a member regained its work & possibly managed to attain erection.

A difficulty in that surgery is attributable to these demands: A shape of the donor's phallus must sufficiently match that of the receiver's & a duration between detaching & attaching a member must exist as short.

It remains to exist as found whenever contagion or even rejection has occurred after a transplant you bet good deal intimate work a human would regain. Micturition ability, still, is predicted to resume fallowing the week.

Alleged and observed penis-related psychological disorders
penis panic (koro in Japan) - delusion of shrinkage of a penis & retraction into the immune system. penis envy - the contested Freudian belief of a woman envying men for having the phallus.

Altering the male genitalia

A virtually all prevailing form of venereal alteration within a bit of countries is circumcision: removal of part or even completely of the foreskin for various ethnic, religious, & further seldom medical reasons. Around several suits, like around a select few United States hospitals, a frenulum and part of the shaft skin is besides flushed. Circumcision probably arose in the Middle East desert to avoid a results of desert sand having under a foreskin; the practice has been incorporated into unionized religions which originated around wild areas like Islam and Judaism. Laic reasons for circumcision, even so, own been disputed.

Less usually, a phallus is another time pierced or decorated by other body art. Such alterations come near always elected & unremarkably for even the purpose of esthetic or increased sensitivity. Piercings of a phallus include the Prince Albert piercing, the apadravya piercing, the ampallang piercing, the dydoe piercing, and a frenum piercing. Foreskin restoration or stretching is a farther form of body modification.

More practices which vary the member come besides performed, although it is uncommon inside American societies while forgoing a diagnosed medical affliction. Apart from either the penectomy, perhaps a virtually all radical one is subincision, in which a urethra is split along a bottom of the phallus. Subincision originated among Australian Aborigines, although it is okay, done by a bit of in the U.S. & Europe.

Fears and reassurance
Even due to shame inculcated around regard to private parts, a select few humans suffer from either misunderstandings & consequent fear.

Penis panic is a kind of hysteria that appears to be unfeeling conditioned & largely limited to Sudan, China, Japan, & Southeast Asia.

Every bit mentioned earliest, a raphe is a visible ridge between a lateral halves of a member, incurred on the ventral or even under side of the member, going from either the meatus (opening of the urethra) through the scrotum to the perineum (vicinity between scrotum & arsehole). This ridge is actually a "biological zipper" that closes a urethra in a period of the normal course of foetal development. While a urethra doesn't close unremarkably, a sequent problem is known as hypospadias. Surgery is called upon to close a urethra. Professional assistance might require multiple surgeries & attendant painful sensation.

More beliefs require a idea that masturbation can cause insanity or even cecity.

Within childhood, based on data from a learn Paediatric penial trauma, male circumcision is the usual form of venereal trauma; it occurred around 2-thirds of the physical traumas examined (El-Bahnasawy 2002) [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/bju/2002/00000090/00000001/art02741]

Non-human penises
Virtually all marsupials, except for the two big mintage of kangaroos, have a bifurcated penis. That is, it separates into ii columns, then a member has ii ceases. A barnacle has a hanker phallus for its have length: as much as twenty days the length of the brute. Urban legend alleges that the dolphin has prehensile control over his phallus. In a realm of absolute size, the little member belongs to the most common shrew (Quintuplet millimeter or even Cypher.Ii inches). A big phallus belongs to the blue whale approximated at ended Deuce m (astir Sestet feet). Precise mensuration come hard to choose because a whale's vertical length may exclusively become found in the period of coupling.

A Icelandic Phallological Museum is devoted entirely to collecting phallus specimens from either all the l& and sea mammalian sleep in Iceland. the museum has received the legally-qualified gift nominal for a first specimen belonging to Homo sapiens.

Within male insects, the structure homologous to the member is referred to as aedeagus. Male specimes of the Squamata order of reptiles develop deuce opposite organs known as hemipenes.

Cultural aspects involving penises

Uses of animal penises
Culinary, e.g. within Chinese gastronomy Charming & curative, around medicine and/or superstitious notion, especially as an aphrodisiac or remedy against impotence Also utilized for run toys, like a bull pizzle

Uses of human penises in cultural traditions
Esthetic, e.g. Body modification For the symbolical & artistic utilize, understand under phallus Around humor, e.g. around scatology - considered indecent or all taboo within various cultures